KNOPPIX CD remastern
Jörn Eisenkrätzer
aed at aed-dresden.de
Sat May 1 11:44:03 CEST 2004
On Sat, 1 May 2004 11:00:20 +0200
Jörn Eisenkrätzer <aed at aed-dresden.de> wrote:
Tel. 0172-3588602
Die linuxrc der Knoppix-miniroot [Can't find KNOPPIX filesystem]:
____________________________________________________________________
#!/static/sh
#
# KNOPPIX General Startup Script
# (C) Klaus Knopper <knoppix at knopper.net>
#
#
# This script needs some of the builtin ash commands (if, test, ...)
# mount/umount, insmod/rmmod are also a builtin in ash-knoppix.
#
# hardcoded configurable options
# Default maximum size of dynamic ramdisk in kilobytes
RAMSIZE=1000000
# End of options
# Don't allow interrupt signals
trap "" 1 2 3 15
# "Safe" SCSI modules in the right order for autoprobe
# Warning: The sym53c8xx.o and g_NCR* cause a kernel Oops if no such adapter
# is present.
#
# NB: It looks like that ncr53c8xx.o is more stable than 53c7,8xx.o for
# a ncr53c810 controller (at least on my installation box it's more
# immune to SCSI timeouts)
# Removed 53c7,8xx -> crashes if no device attached.
# Removed AM53C974 -> crashes tmscsim if adapter found
# Added initio.o on request (untested)
SCSI_MODULES="aic7xxx.o aic7xxx_old.o BusLogic.o \
ncr53c8xx.o NCR53c406a.o \
initio.o \
advansys.o aha1740.o aha1542.o aha152x.o \
atp870u.o dtc.o eata.o fdomain.o gdth.o \
megaraid.o pas16.o pci2220i.o pci2000.o psi240i.o \
qlogicfas.o qlogicfc.o qlogicisp.o \
seagate.o t128.o tmscsim.o u14-34f.o ultrastor.o wd7000.o \
a100u2w.o 3w-xxxx.o"
# Misc functions
mountit(){
# Usage: mountit src dst "options"
# Uses builtin mount of ash.knoppix
# Builin filesystems
BUILTIN_FS="iso9660 ext2 vfat"
for fs in $BUILTIN_FS; do
test -b $1 && mount -t $fs $3 $1 $2 >/dev/null 2>&1 && return 0
done
return 1
}
FOUND_SCSI=""
FOUND_KNOPPIX=""
INTERACTIVE=""
# Clean input/output
exec >/dev/console </dev/console 2>&1
# Reset fb color mode
RESET="]R"
# ANSI COLORS
# Erase to end of line
CRE="[K"
# Clear and reset Screen
CLEAR="c"
# Normal color
NORMAL="[0;39m"
# RED: Failure or error message
RED="[1;31m"
# GREEN: Success message
GREEN="[1;32m"
# YELLOW: Descriptions
YELLOW="[1;33m"
# BLUE: System mesages
BLUE="[1;34m"
# MAGENTA: Found devices or drivers
MAGENTA="[1;35m"
# CYAN: Questions
CYAN="[1;36m"
# BOLD WHITE: Hint
WHITE="[1;37m"
# Clear screen with colormode reset
# echo "$CLEAR$RESET"
# echo "$CLEAR"
# Just go to the top of the screen
# echo -n "[H[J"
echo ""
# Be verbose
echo "${WHITE}Welcome to the ${CYAN}K${MAGENTA}N${YELLOW}O${WHITE}P${RED}P${GREEN}I${BLUE}X${WHITE} live Linux-on-CD!${NORMAL}"
echo ""
echo ""
# We only need the builtin commands and /static at this point
PATH=/static
export PATH
umask 022
# Mount /proc and /dev/pts
mount -t proc none /proc
mount -t devpts none /dev/pts
# Read boot command line with builtin cat command (shell read function fails in Kernel 2.4.19-rc1)
CMDLINE="$(cat /proc/cmdline)"
# Check if we are in interactive startup mode
case "$CMDLINE" in *BOOT_IMAGE=expert\ *) INTERACTIVE="yes"; :>/interactive; ;; esac
case "$CMDLINE" in *modules-disk*) INTERACTIVE="yes"; ;; esac
# Does the user want to skip scsi detection?
NOSCSI=""
case "$CMDLINE" in *noscsi*) NOSCSI="yes"; ;; esac
NOCD=""
case "$CMDLINE" in *fromhd*) NOCD="yes"; ;; esac
# Disable kernel messages while probing modules in autodetect mode
echo "0" > /proc/sys/kernel/printk
# Mount module disk
mountmodules(){
TYPE="$1"; shift
echo -n "${CRE}${CYAN}Please insert ${TYPE} modules disk and hit Return. ${NORMAL}"
read a
echo -n "${CRE}${BLUE}Mounting ${TYPE} modules disk... ${NORMAL}"
# We always mount over /modules/scsi (because it's there ;-)
if mountit /dev/fd0 /modules/scsi "-o ro"; then
echo "${GREEN}OK.${NORMAL}"
return 0
fi
echo "${RED}NOT FOUND.${NORMAL}"
return 1
}
# Unmount module disk
umountmodules(){
TYPE="$1"; shift
echo -n "${CRE}${BLUE}Unmounting ${TYPE} modules disk... ${NORMAL}"
umount /modules/scsi 2>/dev/null
echo "${GREEN}DONE.${NORMAL}"
}
# Ask user for modules
askmodules(){
TYPE="$1"; shift
echo "${BLUE}${TYPE} modules available:${WHITE}"
c=""; for m in "$@"; do
if test -f "/modules/scsi/$m"; then
test -z "$c" && { echo -n " $m"; c="1"; } || { echo " $m"; c=""; }
fi
done
[ -n "$c" ] && echo ""
echo "${CYAN}Load ${TYPE} Modules?${NORMAL}"
echo "${CYAN}[Enter full filename(s) (space-separated), Return for autoprobe, ${WHITE}n${CYAN} for none] ${NORMAL}"
echo -n "${CYAN}insmod module(s)> ${NORMAL}"
read MODULES
case "$MODULES" in n|N) MODULES=""; ;; y|"") MODULES="$*"; ;; esac
}
# Try to load the given modules (full path or current directory)
loadmodules(){
TYPE="$1"; shift
test -n "$INTERACTIVE" && echo "6" > /proc/sys/kernel/printk
for i in "$@"; do
echo -n "${CRE}${BLUE}Probing ${TYPE}... ${MAGENTA}$i${NORMAL}"
if test -f /modules/scsi/$i && insmod -f /modules/scsi/$i >/dev/null 2>&1
then
echo "${CRE} ${GREEN}Found ${TYPE} device(s) handled by ${MAGENTA}$i${GREEN}.${NORMAL}"
case "$TYPE" in scsi|SCSI) FOUND_SCSI="yes"; ;; esac
fi
done
test -n "$INTERACTIVE" && echo "0" > /proc/sys/kernel/printk
echo -n "${CRE}"
}
# Check for SCSI, use modules on bootfloppy first
if test -n "$INTERACTIVE"; then
# Let the user select interactively
askmodules SCSI $(cd /modules/scsi; echo *.o)
else
# these are the autoprobe-safe modules
MODULES="$SCSI_MODULES"
fi
test -z "$NOSCSI" && test -n "$MODULES" && loadmodules SCSI $MODULES
# End of SCSI check
# Check for misc modules in expert mode
if test -n "$INTERACTIVE"; then
another=""; answer=""
while test "$answer" != "n" -a "$answer" != "N"; do
echo -n "${CYAN}Do you want to load additional modules from$another floppy disk? [${WHITE}Y${CYAN}/n] ${NORMAL}"
another=" another"
read answer
case "$answer" in n*|N*) break; ;; esac
if mountmodules new; then
askmodules new $(cd /modules/scsi; echo *.o)
test -n "$MODULES" && loadmodules new $MODULES
umountmodules current
fi
done
fi
# All interactively requested modules should be loaded now.
# Check for ide-scsi supported CD-Roms et al.
test -f /proc/scsi/scsi && FOUND_SCSI="yes"
# Disable kernel messages again
echo "0" > /proc/sys/kernel/printk
# Now that the right SCSI driver is (hopefully) loaded, try to find CDROM
DEVICES="/dev/hd?"
test -n "$FOUND_SCSI" -a -z "$NOCD" && DEVICES="/dev/scd? /dev/scd?? $DEVICES"
# New: Also try parallel port CD-Roms [for Mike].
DEVICES="$DEVICES /dev/pcd?"
# New: also check HD partitions for a KNOPPIX/KNOPPIX image
test -n "$FOUND_SCSI" && DEVICES="$DEVICES /dev/sd?[1-9] /dev/sd?[1-9][0-9]"
DEVICES="$DEVICES /dev/hd?[1-9] /dev/hd?[1-9][0-9]"
for i in $DEVICES
do
echo -n "${CRE}${BLUE}Looking for CDROM in: ${MAGENTA}$i${NORMAL} "
if mountit $i /cdrom "-o ro" >/dev/null 2>&1
then
if test -d /cdrom/KNOPPIX
then
echo -n "${CRE} ${GREEN}Accessing KNOPPIX CDROM at ${MAGENTA}$i${GREEN}...${NORMAL}"
FOUND_KNOPPIX="$i"
break
fi
umount /cdrom
fi
done
# Harddisk-installed script part version has been removed
# (KNOPPIX can be booted directly from HD now).
if test -n "$FOUND_KNOPPIX" -a -f /cdrom/KNOPPIX/KNOPPIX; then
# DEBUG
# echo "6" > /proc/sys/kernel/printk
insmod -f /modules/cloop.o file=/cdrom/KNOPPIX/KNOPPIX
mountit /dev/cloop /KNOPPIX "-o ro" || FOUND_KNOPPIX=""
fi
COPYTORAM=""
COPYTOHD=""
COPYTO=""
case "$CMDLINE" in *toram*) COPYTO="yes"; COPYTORAM="yes"; ;; esac
case "$CMDLINE" in *tohd=*) COPYTO="yes"; COPYTOHD="yes"; ;; esac
# Copy the whole cdrom to ram/hd ?
if test -n "$COPYTO"
then
# Pre-test if everything succeeded.
if test -n "$FOUND_KNOPPIX"
then
# copy library cache
cat /KNOPPIX/etc/ld.so.cache > /etc/ld.so.cache
echo ""
/bin/mkdir /cdrom2
if [ -n "$COPYTORAM" ]
then
# Hey, we could use some fancy dialog skript here :-))
echo -n "${CRE} ${GREEN}Copying KNOPPIX CDROM to ${MAGENTA}ramdisk${GREEN}... Please be patient. ${NORMAL}"
/bin/mount -t tmpfs -o size=800M /dev/shm /cdrom2
if [ -z "$NOCD" ]
then
/bin/cp -a /cdrom/* /cdrom2 # Copy everything to /cdrom2; yes we need more things then only the KNOPPIX image, we don't want to produce problems we hadn't before, do we ?
else
/bin/cp -a /cdrom/KNOPPIX/ /cdrom2 # Copy only KNOPPIX-dir as we are running from HD
fi
else
COPYTOHD=$(echo $CMDLINE | /usr/bin/tr ' ' '\n' | /bin/sed -n '/tohd=/s/.*=//p' | /usr/bin/tail -1)
echo -n "${CRE} ${GREEN}Copying KNOPPIX CDROM to ${MAGENTA}$COPYTOHD${GREEN}... Please be patient. ${NORMAL}"
if mountit $COPYTOHD /cdrom2 >/dev/null 2>&1
then
/bin/cp -a /cdrom/KNOPPIX /cdrom2
#/bin/mount -o remount,ro /dev/$COPYTOHD /cdrom2
else
echo "${CRE} ${RED}Copying KNOPPIX CDROM failed. /dev/$COPYTOHD is not mountable. ${NORMAL}"
fi
fi
umount /KNOPPIX # unmount it
echo "6" > /proc/sys/kernel/printk # Debugging
rmmod cloop # release CD
echo "0" > /proc/sys/kernel/printk # Debugging
umount /cdrom # unmount CD
if test -f /cdrom2/KNOPPIX/KNOPPIX; then
insmod -f /modules/cloop.o file=/cdrom2/KNOPPIX/KNOPPIX
mountit /dev/cloop /KNOPPIX "-o ro" || FOUND_KNOPPIX="" # if everything else did suceeded so far, this will hopefully succeed too
else
FOUND_KNOPPIX=""
fi
fi
fi
# Final test if everything succeeded.
if test -n "$FOUND_KNOPPIX"
then
# copy library cache
cat /KNOPPIX/etc/ld.so.cache > /etc/ld.so.cache
echo ""
# Enable kernel messages
echo "6" > /proc/sys/kernel/printk
# Set paths
echo -n "${CRE}${BLUE}Setting paths...${NORMAL}"
PATH="/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin:."
export PATH
# Debian weirdness
/bin/cp -a /KNOPPIX/etc/alternatives /etc/ 2>/dev/null
# From here, we should have all essential commands available.
hash -r
# Did we copy from ram/hd ?
if test -n "$COPYTO";
then
rmdir /cdrom
ln -s /cdrom2 /cdrom # make a symlink and go on to normal boot
/bin/mount -o remount,ro /dev/$COPYTOHD /cdrom2
fi
# Clean up /
rm -rf /modules /static
# New in Kernel 2.4.x: tempfs with variable ramdisk size.
# We check for available memory anyways and limit the ramdisks
# to a reasonable size.
FOUNDMEM="$(awk '/MemTotal/{print $2}' /proc/meminfo)"
TOTALMEM="$(awk 'BEGIN{m=0};/MemFree|Cached/{m+=$2};END{print m}' /proc/meminfo)"
# Be verbose
echo "${CRE}${BLUE}Total memory found: ${YELLOW}${FOUNDMEM}${BLUE} kB${NORMAL}"
# Now we need to use a little intuition for finding a ramdisk size
# that keeps us from running out of space, but still doesn't crash the
# machine due to lack of Ram
# Minimum size of additional ram partitions
MINSIZE=2000
# At least this much memory minus 30% should remain when home and var are full.
MINLEFT=16000
# Maximum ramdisk size
MAXSIZE="$(expr $TOTALMEM - $MINLEFT)"
# Default ramdisk size for ramdisk
RAMSIZE="$(expr $TOTALMEM / 5)"
# Check for sufficient memory to mount extra ramdisk for /home + /var
if test -n "$TOTALMEM" -a "$TOTALMEM" -gt "$MINLEFT"; then
test -z "$RAMSIZE" && RAMSIZE=1000000
mkdir -p /ramdisk
# tmpfs/varsize version, can use swap
RAMSIZE=$(expr $RAMSIZE \* 4)
echo -n "${CRE}${BLUE}Creating ${YELLOW}/ramdisk${BLUE} (dynamic size=${RAMSIZE}k) on ${MAGENTA}shared memory${BLUE}...${NORMAL}"
# We need /bin/mount here for the -o size= option
/bin/mount -t tmpfs -o "size=${RAMSIZE}k" ramdisk /ramdisk && mkdir -p /ramdisk/home /ramdisk/var && ln -s /ramdisk/home /ramdisk/var /
echo "${BLUE}Done.${NORMAL}"
else
mkdir -p /home /var
fi
echo -n "${CRE}${BLUE}Creating directories and symlinks on ramdisk...${NORMAL}"
# Create common WRITABLE (empty) dirs
mkdir -p /var/run /var/backups /var/cache/apache /var/local /var/lock/news \
/var/nis /var/preserve /var/state/misc /var/tmp /var/lib \
/var/spool/cups/tmp \
/mnt/cdrom /mnt/floppy /mnt/hd /mnt/test \
/home/knoppix /root /etc/sysconfig /etc/X11 /etc/cups /etc/dhcpc
chown knoppix.knoppix /home/knoppix
# Create empty utmp and wtmp
:> /var/run/utmp
:> /var/run/wtmp
# CUPS wants writable files. :-/
cp -a /KNOPPIX/etc/cups/*.conf /etc/cups/ 2>/dev/null
# resolv.conf must be writable as well
cp -a /KNOPPIX/etc/dhcpc/resolv.conf /etc/dhcpc/ 2>/dev/null
# All files in here should be size zero after Knoppix.clean was run
cp -a /KNOPPIX/var/local /KNOPPIX/var/games /KNOPPIX/var/log \
/KNOPPIX/var/spool /var/ 2>/dev/null
cp -a /KNOPPIX/var/lib/games /KNOPPIX/var/lib/wine \
/KNOPPIX/var/lib/nfs /KNOPPIX/var/lib/xkb /KNOPPIX/var/lib/isdn \
/KNOPPIX/var/lib/kdm /KNOPPIX/var/lib/pcmcia \
/KNOPPIX/var/lib/dhcp* \
/var/lib/ 2>/dev/null
# Link device files (real device file copies should NOT require more space, but in fact, they do)
cp -aus /dev/capi /dev/ 2>/dev/null
ln -s /KNOPPIX/dev/* /dev/ 2>/dev/null
# Problematic directories in /var/lib (lots and lots of inodes)
ln -s /KNOPPIX/var/lib/dpkg /KNOPPIX/var/lib/apt /KNOPPIX/var/lib/doc-base \
/KNOPPIX/var/lib/gnome /KNOPPIX/var/lib/kde \
/KNOPPIX/var/lib/scrollkeeper /KNOPPIX/var/lib/texmf \
/var/lib/ 2>/dev/null
# Debian-apt
ln -s /KNOPPIX/var/cache/apt /var/cache/ 2>/dev/null
rm -f /etc/resolv.conf 2>/dev/null
ln -s /KNOPPIX/etc/skel /KNOPPIX/etc/nessus /etc/dhcpc/resolv.conf \
/etc/ 2>/dev/null
# Index files can be HUGE, so better replace cache/man tree by links later
# cp -a /KNOPPIX/var/cache/man /var/cache/ 2>/dev/null
# Create links from CDROM for UNWRITABLE (remaining) files
cp -aus /KNOPPIX/var/* /var/ 2>/dev/null
cp -aus /KNOPPIX/etc/* /etc/ 2>/dev/null
# Make SURE that these are files, not links!
rm -rf /etc/ftpusers /etc/passwd /etc/shadow /etc/group \
/etc/ppp /etc/isdn /etc/ssh /etc/ioctl.save \
/etc/inittab /etc/network /etc/sudoers \
/etc/init /etc/localtime /etc/dhcpc /etc/pnm2ppa.conf 2>/dev/null
cp -a /KNOPPIX/etc/ftpusers /KNOPPIX/etc/passwd /KNOPPIX/etc/shadow /KNOPPIX/etc/group \
/KNOPPIX/etc/ppp /KNOPPIX/etc/isdn /KNOPPIX/etc/ssh \
/KNOPPIX/etc/inittab /KNOPPIX/etc/network /KNOPPIX/etc/sudoers \
/KNOPPIX/sbin/init /KNOPPIX/etc/dhcpc /etc/ 2>/dev/null
# Extremely important, init crashes on shutdown if this is only a link
:> /etc/ioctl.save
:> /etc/pnm2ppa.conf
# Must exist for samba to work
[ -d /var/lib/samba ] && :> /var/lib/samba/unexpected.tdb
# Diet libc bug workaround
cp -f /KNOPPIX/etc/localtime /etc/localtime
echo "${BLUE}Done.${NORMAL}"
# Now tell kernel where the real modprobe lives
echo "/sbin/modprobe" > /proc/sys/kernel/modprobe
# Change root device from /dev/fd0 to /dev/ram0
echo "0x100" > /proc/sys/kernel/real-root-dev
# Give control to the init process.
echo "${CRE}${BLUE}Starting init process.${NORMAL}"
rm -f /linuxrc
exit 0
else
echo "${CRE}${RED}Can't find KNOPPIX filesystem, sorry.${NORMAL}"
echo "${RED}Dropping you to a (very limited) shell.${NORMAL}"
echo "${RED}Press reset button to quit.${NORMAL}"
echo ""
echo "Additional builtin commands avaliable:"
echo " cat mount umount"
echo " insmod rmmod lsmod"
echo ""
PS1="knoppix# "
export PS1
echo "6" > /proc/sys/kernel/printk
# Allow signals
trap 1 2 3 15
exec /static/ash
fi
___________________________________________________________________
Gruesse Joern
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